Mithila painting is a traditional folk art form that originates from the Mithila region of Nepal and northern India. Rooted in ancient practices, this art form has evolved over centuries, preserving its unique style, symbolism, and techniques. Characterized by intricate patterns, vibrant colors, and themes derived from mythology, nature and daily life, Mithila art represents the cultural identity and storytelling tradition of the Mithila people. Historically, it was practiced by women in the region, this art form was initially created on the walls of homes and temples as a means of invoking blessings and protection. Customarily practiced, as part of ritual and sanctified function in their inner domains; houses and courtyards, these painting traditions, with motifs and traditional patterns, have been doing their rounds on walls, floors and other decorative products.  The paintings are often characterized by its flamboyant colors, intricate and fragile lines and complex geometrical patterns scattered all over around the main subject which is usually recognized by its profiled face, bulging eyes and elongated sharp nose. Over time, Mithila art has transcended its humble origins and gained international recognition for its distinctive visual language. This paper will explore the history, symbolism, and techniques of Mithila art in Nepal, tracing its evolution from a rural craft to a celebrated global art form. Additionally, it will highlight the cultural significance of Mithila art in preserving traditions, fostering community identity, and addressing contemporary artistic expressions in the global context. The shift towards commercialization and international recognition has further transformed the role of Mithila painting in the contemporary art landscape.

Keywords: Mithila painting, folk art, Nepal, painting traditions, international recognition